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comes from three Greek words :
SOS = free from diseases, balances, harmony.
PHREN = Diaphragm, emotional heart and by extension, spirit, conscience.
LOGOS = Science, study, speech.
The sophrology is also a kind of "somatization of positive".
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The body schema lived
as reality :
To
reinforce the positive
action :
To
develop objective reality
:
to perceive the state
of its own conscience (emotion, tension...) ;
to perceive the
persons consciousness state which it guides ;
to adopt an attitude
righter, with respect to itself and of its entourage.
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"the force responsible for the existence integration to be it"
Conscience states and levels
(cf "Range
Diagram " lower
) :
The
FAN DIAGRAM
(according
to Caycedo, 2001)
THREE LAYERS OF SOPHROLIMINAL CONSCIENCE :
Caycedo modified the 1960 original diagram by adding the three forms of conscience (Waked up, "Sophroliminal" and Deadened) and by distinguishing three layers in the "Sophroliminal" Conscience.
" the uper layer activates and stimulates the conscience ;
the middle layer and balances the conscience ;
the lower layer inhibits and deteriorates the conscience ".
" the middle Layer is the field of work of all the Caycedian Sophrology and the space where all its methodology is practised (...) (It) avoids as much the uper layer which carries out to a conscience stimulation than the lower layer which carries out to situations of inhibition and conscience deterioration, in hypnotic states and the sleep." (Caycedo, 2001, p.11).
This diagram distinguishes the conscience levels (quality of presence, to be) from vigilance levels (quantitative, traditional "states of vigilance": day before with the sleep...)
SOPHROLOGIC TRAINING :
Before the training, one can start from a being item"1 ", for example, in the "Waked up Conscience " in top and on the left "Ordinary Conscience" zone (cf diagram) : he is "fairly well", it can feel an excitation and a "nervous tension".
The
meeting reduces it to the "Middle
Layer"
("sophronisation"), zone of calms. Positive
dynamization
("Intra- Sophronique Activation") in this zone makes it possible to
reach a point "on the right" (horizontal way). This Sophroliminal
Conscience middle layer is a true interior space of freedom. With the
drives wire, it becomes gradually easier to reach it and to be
voluntarily maintained there.
Activation (or "desophronisation") at the end of the session, allows
about"Re to go up" on a level of "calm" conscience waked up more (not
also"high") and more "positive" or serene (light shift towards the line
ofthe range). The conscience can be thus at the end of the session a
little more close to the "Sophronic Conscience" (not "2" on the
diagram): the person "feels herself better". At the time of the
following drive (the following day, for example), the person can start
the session close to the "2" item to reach at
the end of the session the "3" item, etc.
With the daily wire repetitions (successive points from "1" to "7" on our diagram), the person approaches then reached the"Sophronic Conscience". The training objective is to discover this conscience for then conquering it and being maintained there!
It acts of an explanatory and didactic diagram with imperfections. But these elements can allow, in spite neologisms used, to better include/understand the drives objective and to show a first limit of it : of regular repetition, few or not possible progress (training law) ! This can be compared with any sensorimotor training (sport, music...).
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There are two great sets or categories:
The 1st degree "Dynamic Relaxation", corporality:
It is composed of a dozen body stimulations realized upright, the closed eyes, generally in "synchronic breathing" (inspiration, retention, stimulation or soft tension, expiry, relaxation). Each series stimulating in turn various body "systems", is followed from a integration time, privileged moment to perceive the stimulated zones integrated into the entire body. This 1st degree aims at reinforcing in manner practises the body schema, complex concept which covers the mental body representation, its "drawing", the feelings, forms, volumes, posture, etc. It is a question of reinforcing the presence of the body in the conscience, of relaxation all the body feelings or all tensions ("relaxation"), to bring a particular presence of the body. These various phenomena are tested all the more easily as one is in the "sophroliminal conscience middle layer ", between day before and sleep (see Conscience fan diagram). Still let us specify that it is not a question "to see" the body but to feel it well, to be attentive with the information perceived in the various body parts .
In this 1st degree, in more body information presence, one learns the concentration on a "neutral" object.
The 2nd degree "Dynamic Relaxation", body schema contemplation :
This dynamics is done almost only sitted on a chair. The posture in sitting position is a little more tonic than at the 1st degree time. One continues to be attentive with body information (the build, volume, body weight, all feelings).
In the 1st part, the pupil learns how to concentrate on his own body image, as if it were observed outside. He carries out series of movements (neck ; upper limbs ; lower limbs ; trunk) by contemplating the body schema moving. There still, each group of stimulations is followed of a integration pause, fundamental moment of all the sophrologic techniques.
One also carries out a sensors and senses contemplation.
This dynamics ends in a exercise proposing the positive evocation of a wish. The end of relaxation ("desophronisation") finishes upright.
Thus, it is a question of reinforcing the body schema, of developing the body image and to have an image of oneself just possible. This degree is contemplative gravitation perception and body schema moving. This work makes it possible to note that the body is limited, conscience is unlimited.
The 3rd degree "Dynamic Relaxation", meditation:
The 4th degree "Dynamic Relaxation", totality:
This dynamics is practised in two parts separated by a walk, the open eyes with "the intentionnality" to look "as if it were the 1st time" (cf phenomenology).
2 - The "Sophronisations":
Static methods on the body level practised into individual ; they are many and selected according to the pupil, of his request and their relevance.
One
distinguishes the techniques associated with the present
there :
primarily exercises of concentration or attention to a stimulus
(breathing, feelings, pleasant image, "neutral" object...). They are
the first techniques suggested to the beginners (with the 1st degree
Dynamic Relaxation who presents similarity with these techniques). They
can sometimes be proposed in group. For our part, we privilege Dynamic
Relaxation.
Those
directed towards the future
:
progressive acceptance of a dreaded event, systematic desensitizing
(anxious states treatment, fear and phobias), future event positive
evocation ... These techniques require the acquisition of basic
techniques associated the
present (Dynamic Relaxation...).
Those directed towards the past : recent or anciens memories positive evocations. These technicals are less frequently proposed. They are always proposed after the positive experimentation of the preceding ones and are disadvised in group.
Three-dimensional techniques : present, past and future evocation, starting from a topic, a person or an object... We propose only seldom these techniques.
Let us note that, contrary to Dynamic Relaxations, the majority of these techniques (in particular those created before the years 1970) remain close to therapeutic hypnosis and can often make "plunge" the people in the "conscience sophroliminal lower layer" (cf the conscience fan ).
Practice extract (sophronisation) :
Conscience of the head and the face... forms, volumes, other feelings...
Conscience of the basin: the muscles glutei, périneum, sexual organs... Lower limbs, to the toes...
You live your body as a whole, in its unit... Presence with oneself...
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The practice group lasts approximately an hour. It is generally done at weekly intervals and aims to the training of a method usable in an autonomous way. At least this is our objective there. A complete cycle classically consists of 10 meetings in group in more of regular personal drives (a daily meeting from 10 to 15 mn, ideally). Three weekly personal drives seem to be a minimum at the training time. The meeting starts with
short information (5 to 10 mn) during which To finish, a free
dialogue and without obligation is proposed, in bond |
In sophrology, muscular relaxation is less important than the fact of being present at oneself or so that one makes, in "here and now" (cf. Zen). Besides the fact of seeking the muscular relaxation is likely to cause - in particular at the beginner - the same kind of result as at the time of the voluntary sleep research : the more one makes efforts, the less one does not arrive there !
The sophrology is more than one simple relaxation.
All these techniques
are not proposed of start but are adapted to the situation relevance or
the person familiarity and the sophrologist control (cf supra, objective
reality). Many techniques are
reserved
for these reasons with the individual relations. The sophrology, in its
original form, does not use stimuli external others only the
sophrologist voice : soft music, incenses, marrowy cushion, filtered
light... are as many signs which
concerns the not-authenticity of the "sophrology" suggested. Caycedo
specifies indeed that "to
relax is to adapt to the situation
present, whatever it is, in its objective reality".
See also the FAQ concerning the parasitic ideas.
The sophrology is
also a humanistic universalist and transcendent philosophy.
"while respecting its basic individuality and its freedom, the
sophrology regards the man as alive within a company and forming
integral part of transcendent humanity" (Caycedo, 1979).
It proposes a personality
drive method, a positive
potential development(cf supra)
existing in
each human being. The term of "relaxation" is thus well to
include/understand in its etymological direction of release.
One would not have to see the sophrology like a panacea, response to all the evils and being appropriate to all the individuals. It is for example difficult for some only to be involved in residence in the phase of training. In addition, to take an image, when I have a gravel which obstructs me in a shoe, any sophrologist that I am, I remove my shoe to remove this gravel! In other words, no technique of sophrology can solve an important material problem but can "only" make it possible to relativize it or take retreat for better solving it.
But
daily practice of the majority of the relaxation methods - whose
sophrology wants to be to be a synthesis - in an individual way and
autonomous remainder, according to us, a remedy for
many daily difficulties. It is thus interesting to develop with the
drive a "relaxation response" reached in a few seconds. That is
acquired only with practise... It is indeed impossible to cause this
type of response facing to a stressing situation, without a basic
drive.
That joined the training law (cf FAQ, training duration ).
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We have just specified some differences between relaxation and sophrology. We underline however here the interests of a regular relaxation practice.
Relaxation aims mainly to:
to
decrease the muscular level of tension;
to
obtain a psychological feeling of appeasing;
while
maintaining the spirit in awakening.

See also the FAQ ("Indications")
According to a text of Jacques Van Rillaer, professor of psychology at the University of Leuwen-the-New and university Faculties St-Louis (Brussels), teaching with the French Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies - AFTCC - of Paris. This description relates to the relaxation known as behavioral (which uses primarily the Jacobson's progressive muscular relaxation or the autogenic training of Schultz) but remains valid for any method of relaxation used regularly and an autonomous way.
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It is interesting to underline the interest to be regularly relax . To relax itself does not
consist in losing shape in a comfortable |
Some people are unable to follow this type of drive. Let us note how these are often the last which would draw from them the most long-term benefit !
We think in particular of the "type A behavioral design", characterized by:
a fight counters time
(impatience,
speed in the action, several activities at
the same time...) ;
a fight counters the
others (social
ambition, competitiveness, emotion of
hostility...) ;
an engagement raised
in the action (the
glutton for work).
Objectives of relaxation training :
1 - To better manage the emotional reactions
2 - To decrease the general stress level
The training of relaxation makes it possible to recover energy quickly thanks to
- more or less long relaxation sessions (10 to 30 mn) and major
- the "mini-relaxations" (a few seconds or mn) distributed through the day.
4 - To facilitate a refreshing sleep
5 - To make serenity experiments
Place relaxation in a behavioral therapy :
Thank you for your encouragements, critical, suggestions...
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ANDRÉ C, Les thérapies cognitives, Éditions Bernet-Danilo, collection Essentialis.
BENSON H, The relaxation response, William Morrow and C°, inc 1976.
ESPOSITO R, Mais qu'est-ce que la phénoménologie ? Selon Husserl, Éditions ISR - La Sablière*
FERNANDEZ L., Sophrologie et compétition sportive , Éditions Vigot, collection Sport + Enseignement.
LOUSSOUARN T, Transformez votre vie par la sophrologie, Éditions Dangles.
PERREAULT-PIERRE E, Sophrologie et performance sportive, Éditions Amphora.
SANTERRE B, Mais qu'est-ce que la sophrologie ? Éditions ISR - La Sablière*.
VAN RILLAER J, Les thérapies comportementales, Éditions Bernet-Danilo, collection Essentialis.
VAN RILLAER J, Peur, angoisses et phobies, Éditions Bernet-Danilo, collection Essentialis.
* Possible to order these works (fresh port in addition ) with
the "Institut de
Sophrologie de Rennes" -
I.S.R.
center of
training in Sophrology, P.N.L., Nonverbal Relieving (Japanese
vibrations) and in relation of assistance.
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Informations
:
I haven't got a good english ! |
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Professional
trainer and adviser assessment-psychologist, 40 years old, sophrologist
within an associative framework since 1993. Formation (692 H) begun
with the Institute from Sophrology from Rennes under the direction from
Bernard SANTERRE in October 1991, Certificate of Fundamental Studies in
Caycedian Sophrology ® (1993), I.S.R. diploma in 1997, Sophrology
Vocational Schools Coordination in sophrologist expert (2002).
Rennes Sophrology Institute trainer, "stress" questions specialized .
One of the founder members and current president of association S.E.M.E., Sophrology And Good-To be, structure creates in 1993 by four sophrologists (with G Aguilar, J Guyon and C Marinier) trained at the Rennes Sophrology Institute .
President and founder member of association S.T.C.C., Sophrology and Therapies Behavioral and Cognitive (St Gregoire - 35), create in February 2001.
Graduate of one 2nd and 3rd cycle of social and cognitive psychology (University of Rennes 2) with work of studies and research on the stress and the coping’s stategies ; formed with the Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (graduate of l'Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive - AFTCC - Paris (14).
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We invite you to consult the C.E.P.S. site : www.ceps.fr.st
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The
professionals training proposed by the "Coordination des Écoles
Professionnelles en Sophrologie" schools (the Sophrology Vocational
Schools Coordination ) is addressed to any sufficiently motivated
person, whatever her initial formation.
It brings competences which enable him to follow the occupation of
sophrologist.
Places of vocational training in sophrology: Consult www.ceps.fr.st
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1 Sophrology and hypnosis - 2 Sophrology and Yoga
3 Sophrology and parapsychology - 4 Which context for relaxation ?
5 Which position for relaxation ? - 6 What to face the parasitic ideas ?
7 Personal training - 8 Exercises frequency
9 Exercises schedule - 10 training progression
11 Training duration - 12 Indications
13 Counter-indications - 14 Can I become sophrologist?
This heading could be supplemented by your proposals or questions to formulate at our address.
"Terpnos Logos" ideal (the sophrologist speech during the session) would be... silence!
There would remain beaucoupà to say concerning the language: we invite you to read
Helene SANTERRE, Mais... qu'est-ce que le langage ? A propos du Terpnos Logos, , editions ISR
"hypnosis is thus an experimental chapter, but very few sophrologists the practice still" (Caycedo, 1979, p.62).
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3 Sophrology and parapsychology ?
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4 Which context to practise relaxation ? (1)
See also question 5 and 10.
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5 Which position to release itself ? (1)
Caycedo recommends a
posture sitting with the rectified head (spinal column along a vertical
axis), an angle of 90° between the trunk and the thighs, between
the thighs and the legs, the hands posed flat on the horizontal thighs
and the feet well flat on the ground.
This posture relatively tonic "Isocay" avoids "the descent of the
conscience level which would make it fall into the lower layer (...)
which carries out to inhibition situation and conscience deterioration,
in hypnotic states and the sleep" (Caycedo, 2001, pp.11-12). See the
chapter on the Conscience.
The 3rd degree posture:
Gradually, it would be interesting to adopt the the 3rd degree posture which is a posture inherited the Zen tradition adapted to our Western practices.
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6 How to cope with the parasitic ideas during relaxation?(1)
The
conscience is always directed towards something. One cannot thus "not
think" or "make the vacuum". But we can decide to direct our conscience
towards the object (in the broad sense) which we choose. The natural
attitude or primary (Husserl) of our conscience is to
allot to our knowledge a direction with the objects taking into
consideration our knowledge. The sophrology matter - being based in
that on phenomenology
(according to Husserl) - is to
discover our conscience (its psychic, somatic dimensions...) in a
neutral attitude, as if it were the first time (it is acted in fact
always of one 1st time, each moment being different!).
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7 Personal training in
sophrology
A daily meeting can constitute with :
2. to sit down to make a concentration on the object during more than one minute ;
3. to if required make an additional technique already tested with a sophrologist ;
4. a integration pause or a body reading, head with the feet ;
5. a pause of totalization or integration of all the meeting during some breathings ;
7. the conscience activation or "desophronisation" with ...
This session is only a proposal, in particular for the people "only" knowing the 1st degree.
To consult for information our extract of a meeting of sophronisation
See also, for a "theoretical" explanation more, our chapter on the conscience.
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Ideally
the exercises of relaxation or sophrology appear one
or twice each day,
at least for the period of
training. If you are very occupied, you can limit yourselves to a
exercise every two days. Three or four exercises per week is a minimum
to progress at a good rate/rhythm. You can also curtail the meeting.
Note our remark on the behavioral design of type
A
describes in the interests of relaxation.
The training is all the
more fast as the exercises are frequent.
It is however not very useful to be exerted more twice per day.
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1. The first meetings will be long and deep: approximately half an hour of "relaxation" (the first fifteen days).
2. The personal meetings will have gradually to be curtailed at 20 minutes (fifteen following meetings, for example) then 10 minutes (fifteen other meetings). But of the meetings of approximately 30 minutes (or more) could be practised regularly.
3. This training stage, it would be interesting to program the "mini-relaxations" or "minute-relaxation", carried out in determined situations, in more of the meetings of 10 mn. For example, with each waiting (red light, elevator, file...), before starting the car, each time that one puts oneself at table or work ; each time the telephone sounds or that one goes to the toilets, etc. Caution! it is not enough to have the intention: it is necessary "to program" concretely, to lay down progressive objectives (so many minutes-relaxations in the day course...).
4.The last stage consists in decreasing the tension vis-a-vis with stressing situations. This stage is most difficult and requires an important preliminary drive to be effective (2 months at a rate of a daily meeting seem a minimum).
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(see also preceding question).
During the training, it is capital to avoid any haste and any perfectionism: it is important to repeat the exercises, to still repeat them, and not to seek a start to carry out good "performances". The first exercises must be done slowly.
At the majority of the people, the capacity to release itself quickly and well develops only step by step. Like other psychomotor skills (to write, to swim, to roll à.vélo), it results from a progressive training.
Thus,
to answer the duration question necessary is difficult :
how long did you put to learn how to swim, to take this example? Do you
consider that you do not have anything any more to learn in swimming?
We classically propose a cycle of 10 framed weekly meetings, intersected with three personal meetings (i.e., at final the four days different in the same week). Approximately two months thus should be hoped (or around fifty of personal meetings) to acquire the sufficient bases with an autonomous training.
The more one involves oneself, the more effective it is fast and "to be released", and the more one can easily apply this drive to the daily situations.
Three stages are distinguished in sophrology: the discovery, the conquest, the "conscience" transformation (see definition of the conscience in the history).
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See also "Interests of relaxation"
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14 Can I become sophrologist ?
Why not? There is not thenecessary one in term of diploma or formation to exert in the "social" branch (versus "medical"). Contact for example one of the C.E.P.S. schools member
We
disadvise a
formation by correspondence to you : one can acquire there knowledge
(theoretical) but not this type of know-how. For the same reasons, you
ensure that the stress is laid on the practice.
Privilege the organizations utilizing several sophrologists - trainers
and in whom the supervisions (controlled animations, criticized...) are
obligatory (and not "advised" or optional!).
250 hours seem to us the necessary minimum to have the bases necessary
to animation but a 400 hours total of formation (over 2 years, for
example) is necessary to become a qualified professional. Lastly, check
that there is a "service after formation", whether one can advise you
or direct...
Lastly, check that there is a "service after formation", whether one
can advise you or direct...
The CEPS schools answer these criteria !
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(1) According to a text of Jacques Van Rillaer, already quoted.
Thank you for your reading.
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History | Étymology, definition | 3 Technical principles | Conscience | Techniques | Meeting in group | Interests of relievign | Bibliography | CV | To become sophrologist | FAQ |